The region of tamil nadu or tamilakam, in the southeast of modern india, shows evidence of. The chera dynasty was a dravidian tamil dynasty that ruled in southern india from before the sa. Imperial cholas cholas, chola, india, history, rajaraja. Tamil country has four kingdoms chera, cholas, pandya and eelam. Archaeologically, the tamil sangam era corresponds roughly to the late iron ageearly historic period c. The dynasty originated in the rich kaveri cauvery river valley.
The chola dynasty was the greatest among all the south indian dynasties. In the early eleventh century, the powerful cholas subjugated them. The pandya empire takes over after the chola empire collapsed in the 1200s ad, their old enemies, the pandyas, took over control of south india. These chiefs were from the chera, chola and pandya dynasty. The chera was taken prisoner and poygayar, who was a friend of the chera, sang a poem praising the chola king kochchenganan in 40 stanzas. Parantaka chola i the forgotten hero of south india. We may not know the true extent of pandiyan empire as there is this legend and mentioning of. Pandyas in 1157 ce, kulothunga chola defeated a pandya king named manivickrama kulasekara perumal in a battle. The chera empire included kerala and parts of tamil nadu like salem and dharmapuri. The sangam age,political history of chera kingdom, part 1.
What were the results of the cholas and the pandyan civil war. It is the first genocide in human history and is documented in the sinhala. He conquered the pandya kings along with the vadumbas and establishes control over the. He was a contemporary of the chera king perunjeral adani. The defeat of the pandya ruler, amarabhujanga and establishment of chola authority in the pandya country. The tiger symbol was adopted from the emblem of the chola empire, it should reflect the martial history veera varalaru and the national upheaval of the tamils. The concepts are relevant to all curricula across the boards. Pandya dynasty was the longest ruling dynasty in indian history.
The dynasty came from the fertile valley of the kaveri river. D may be said to constitute a great landmark in the history of the chola village assemblies. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longestruling dynasties in the worlds history. Mar 02, 2016 the first named chera king, udiyanjeral, is said to have sumptuously fed the armies on both sides during the war at kurukshetra. Pandyas ruled from korkai, a sea port, and shifted later to madurai. The term occurs often enough in the sangam literature, such that to speak of tamilakam, a tamil land, and a tamil people, implies some sense ofcultural or ethnic identityorat least some con sciousness of independence or separateness from neighbors to the north and south. Ncert solutions for class 7 social science history our pasts2, ncert textbook solutions for class 7 history, ncert solutions for class 7 history, our pasts 2 class 7th ncert solutions history, ncert solutions for class 7 history social science chapter 1 tracing changes through a thousand years, social science sst history class 7 cbse. During their history, the pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, cholas, hoysalas, cheras.
You will be redirected to the full text document in the repository in a few seconds, if not click here. Thanjavur and gangaikonda cholapuram were important capitals of chola empire. Our community welcomes everyone from around the world to discuss world history, historical periods, and themes in history military history, archaeology, arts and culture, and history in books and movies. Ancient indian history chola dynasty tutorialspoint. The chera dynasty had ruled in two different timeperiods. The chola empire occupied present tanjore and trichirappalli districts with some adjoining areas.
History chola empire history of ancient, medieval and modern india. This page is an attempt to collect historical details about the three south indian kingdoms whose history is scarce. After cholas, during 14th century pandyas kingdom again emerged the power of rule in tamilnadu, but the life of this pandya kinfdom was short then muslim khilji mugamathu invaders from the north in 16. The following is a chronological overview of the history of the tamil people, who trace their ancestry to the indian state of tamil nadu, the indian union territory of puducherry, or the northern, eastern province and puttalam district of sri lanka. One of the longest lasting empires of south india, the chola dynasty heralded a golden age of exploration, trade, and artistic development. Short notes on revenue system during chola dynasty short essay on the governmental.
The chola government was very mindful of the need for the fair and accurate collection of tax to run the state machinery. The chera dynasty ruled over the tamil kingdom from 300 b. History of tamil nadu cholas, pallavas,pandyas kingdom in. Cheras ruled kerala and chalukyas reigned karnataka. Together they ruled over tamil nadu with a unique culture and language, contributing to the growth of sangam literature, some of the oldest literature in the world. A chola king, known as elara, conquered sri lanka and ruled over it for about 50 years during the middle of the 2 nd century b. Though the mahavamsa says that against the pandyachola combination lankapura was successful in placing virapandya a son of parakrama pandya on the throne, the chola sources give a different picture, and state that lankapura was defeated, that kulasekhara regained the pandyan throne, and chola hegemony was reestablished over the pandyan country. Pandya dynasty dynasties of ancient india history for. The chola king, pleased with the work, released the chera. The pallavas, cholas and pandyas shared the power in the tamil country. He was a contemporary of the chola king parantaka chola i, who overran his kingdom and captured madura.
Oct 11, 2015 iasbaba imparts 360degree ias preparation solutions with their exhaustive prelims and mains preparation courses, supported by the latest upsc preparation material. History of the chola dynasty the three tamil dynasties chola, chera and pandyans have had a long history dating back to a time before the common era. As we have seen above the tamil polity in previjayanagar times was a multiple monai supported or hampered, as the case might be, by a number of lesser chieftains. Proceeding through kalinga, rajendra i attacked bengal and defeated the pala ruler mahipala in 1022 a. Find chera dynasty map with major cities and current country boundaries. Krishna defeated pandya chola mahabharata ramanis blog. The muslim invasion led to the disappearance of the pandyans. After sangam, the chola became feaudatories of uraiyur. The pandyan kingdom was an ancient tamil state in south india of unknown antiquity. Not only did the cholas outlast ashokas mauryan empire, they continued to rule until 1279 cemore than 1,500 years. The pandyas in madurai had established control by the sixth century. May 23, 20 the last pandya king of this first pandyan empire was maravarman rajasimha ii who ruled from 900920 ad.
Chola means soazhi or saei denoting a newly formed kingdom, in the lines of pandya or the old country. Avail our expert help by enrolling with us to keep your knowledge updated and stay ahead of your competition. The pandyas are first mentioned by a megasthenes who speaks of the pandya kingdom being resulted by a women and that seven year old mothers were found in the pandyan country. Jul 26, 2012 here are a set of worksheets on various topics in history. The defeat of the chera ruler bhaskararavivarman in the naval battle of kandalursalai and the destruction of the chera navy. Due to his failure, manivickrama appointed his brother maravarman sree bhallava as the raja of pandya kingdom and left madurai with hi. The history of the cheras was marked by continuous fight with the cholas and the pandyas. History chola empire history of ancient, medieval and. It is a fact that in ancient times, the entire island ilankai or lanka was almost certainly had dominated by the principal dravidian dynasties, known as chera, chola, pandya, pallava and later by vijayanagara. Although rajaraja iii was still alive, rajendra began to take effective control over the administration. The rulers of the three dynasties were referred to as the three crowned rulers the muventar of the tamil country. Although the chola armies won the battle, the war was still not won.
Chera chola pandya history in tamil pdf download 156c1n. The pandya country was prosperous and the kings profited from trade with the roman empire. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india. The metropolitan museums shiva nataraja was made some time in the eleventh century during the chola dynasty 9thth centuries c. Karikala was a famous chola king of the early time. Not surprisingly, this is also the period to which can be traced the first indications of the concept of a tamil identity in south india. Feb 12, 2017 here you can understand all important facts about classical period history of india in hindi. But at their peak of power, chola empire was the biggest. The dynasty revived under kadungon in the early 7th century ce and ruled from madura. Parantaka chola i after this victory, earned the title of maduraikonda. Classical age history of india in hindi gupta dynasty. The sangam literature gives information and names of a few kings.
From being jains they became shaivas worshipers of the hindu deity shiva and are celebrated in the earliest tamil poetry. Southern kingdoms the chera, chola and pandyas dynasties. Who are the real descendants of chera, chola, and pandyas. Pdf cholas, pandyas, and imperial temple culture in. Parantaka ii did not succeed in reestablishing the chola power over the pandya lands. Their territory was the southernmost and the southeastern portion of the indian peninsula. Pandya dynasty simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Tamils originated mainly from different parts of southern india. He defeated the combined forces of chera, chola, and five other minor states in a war against him at madurai. He had defeated the joint forces of chera and pandya kings and. The exciting history of the pandyas pandya dynasty, was an ancient tamil dynasty which ruled parts of south india until the 15t.
Health mantras hinduism research global hinduism history science vedic tamil texts. The indian chola dynasty is an important landmark in the history of india. Information related to indian history medieval indian history, ancient indian history, modern indian history, ancient indian kingdoms, mughal empire, mughal dynasty, mauryan empire, mauryan. Ncert solutions for class 7 social science history our pasts2, ncert textbook solutions for class 7 history, ncert solutions for class 7 history, our pasts 2 class 7th ncert solutions history, ncert solutions for class 7 history social science chapter 6 towns, traders and craftspersons, social science sst history class 7 cbsencert. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty that ruled in southern india until the th century. The list of cholas rulers and their contribution will enhance the general knowledge of the readers. Chola domain was known as tondiamandalam or cholamandalam, with the capital at uraiyur in tiruchirapalli district and subsequently at kaveripattan or purhar, founded by the chola king karikala190 a. Pandyas were one of the three ancient tamil kingdoms chola and chera being the other two who ruled the tamil country from prehistoric times until end of the 15th century. The pandyan kingdom was very wealthy and prosperous. In the melting pot were satavahana, chera, chola, pandya, chalukya. Jul 15, 2010 tamil history states that after th century chola kingdom started loosing their power of rule in tamilnadu. The sangam age part 4 society of sangam age and division of land. They ruled extensive territories, at times including the chera kerala country, the chola country, and ceylon now sri lanka through collateral branches. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india shinu a.
Rajendra chola iii was a brother and also rival of rajaraja chola iii who came to the chola throne in 1246 ce. It gives details about the functioning and constitution of the local sabha. So, here we will read about these kingdoms in brief. Rajendra i carried forward the annexationist policy of raja raja by completely overrunning the pandya and chera countries and. These later cholas are termed as imperial cholas because they excercised ocntrol over sri lanka and malay. Ravi varma kulasekhara, ruler of venadu from 1299 to 14, is known for his ambitious military campaigns to former pandya and chola territories. After the wedding of the first chera king into the chola royal family even the. Uraiyur now tiruchchirappalli was its oldest capital. One of the most important dynasties, chera dynasty is the most prominent tamil dynasty which ever flourished in the country. Rainfalls, are very fertile and rich areas for agricultural activities. The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india, one of the three ethnically tamil lineages, the other two being the chola and the chera.
The revenue records were not manuals of extortion, but a carefully maintained records of land rights, based on complete enquiries and accurate surveys, and were kept uptodate by regular surveys. The earliest datable references to the chola are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bce left by ashoka, of the maurya empire ashoka major rock edict no. Ancient indian history pandya dynasty tutorialspoint. The three ancient tamil dynasties namely chera, chola, and pandya were of ancient origins. Towards the close of the second century ad, after the death of gauthamiputra satkarni the satavahana empire broke up into pieces and. Pandya dynasty pdf the pandyan or pandiyan or pandian dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty, one of the three tamil dynasties, the other two being the chola and the chera. The rule of chola dynasty rose to prominence in 850 when their ruler vijayalaya defeated the pallavas and took over tanjore from them. These later cholas are termed as imperial cholas because they excercised ocntrol over sri lanka and malay peninsula. Abraham despite the amount of archaeological research that has been carried out in south india, our understanding of the south indian protohistoric period. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india article pdf available in asian perspectives 422 september 2003 with 7,996 reads. The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the th century.
Ancient kingdom chera chola pandian history in tamil. The uttaramerur inscriptions of the chola monarch parantaka i of 919 a. About pandyan dynasty one of the three famous ancient tamil dynasties other two being chola and chera, the pandyan dynasty ruled several parts of the southern india until the 15th century ce. The roman emperor julian received an embassy from a pandya about 361 ce. What is the symbol of pallavas, pandyas and cheras gk. The chera rulers of venadu, based at the port quilon in southern kerala, trace their relations back to the latersecond cheras. Chola dynasty, rulers of chola dynasty, chola dynasty of. Sources to understand history of any place and time. They initially ruled from korkai, a sea port on the southern most tip of the indian peninsula, and in. Sora or chozha in tamil becomes chola in sanskrit and chola in telugu. Founded in 2006, historum is a history forum dedicated to history discussions and historical events. The pandya kings were called either jatavarman or maravarman.
Errakudi, speak volumes about the chera chola and pandya kingdoms. While turmoil was brewing up and kingdoms were rising and falling in the north, the south india remained comparatively calm and stable. The conquest of gangavadi, tadigaipadi and nolambapadi located in the mysore region. In the melting pot were satavahana, chera, chola, pandya, chalukya, pallava, rashtrakuta and other lesser dynasties and their rulers.
A work of history on the pandyas who ruled southern tamilnadu until 16th century. Together with the cholas of uraiyur and the pandyas of madurai, the early cheras were known as one of the three major powers muventar of ancient tamilakam a macro region in south india in the early centuries of the common era. The three tamil dynasties of chera, chola and pandya were all of ancient origins. This is the video related to indian history in hindi for remembering the name and periods. The monarchies were the chera, the chola and the pandya.
The worksheets encourage the students to observe, analyze, draw inferences, do comparative study, imagine and hypothesize. Kalitokai, a sanga work describes cheras as viavar hunter people. Sangam period 300 bc 200 ad polities the tamil country was ruled by three dynasties namely the chera, chola and pandyas during the sangam age. Kalavali describes the battle fought at kalumalam, near the chera capital. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india, asian perspectives on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Nobody knows exactly when the first chola kings took power in the southern point of india, but certainly, the chola dynasty was established by the third century bce, because they are mentioned in one of ashoka the greats stelae. The cheras, the pandyas and the cholas together constituted as the main. Brief history of chola dynasty times of india blog.
The pandya king lost the battle and vacated the capital, he then requested help from the srilankan. Cholas, pandyas, and imperial temple culture in medieval tamilnadu. Chola, chera and pandya dynasties the tamil country was ruled by three dynasties namely the chera, chola and pandyas during the sangam age. The chalukyas, the pallavas, the rastrakutas, the cholas and pandyas waged wars with each other. The legendary king karikan was the common ancestor through whom. Sundara chola called himself maduraikonda rajakesari, that is the royal lion who took madurai and madhurantaka destroyer of madurai in order to commemorate his victories over the pandyas. Chola and chera kings proudly claimed descent from lord rama or from kings of the lunar dynastyin other words, an aryan descent. The descendants of the chola,the cheras and the pandyas.
Karikala chola was the most famous among the early chola kings, while rajaraja chola, rajendra chola and kulothunga chola i were famous emperors of the medieval cholas the cholas were at the height of their. Cheras it ruled from 3rd century bc to 12th century ad. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in history. The pandya and kerala country after being conquered was constituted as a viceroyalty under the chola king with the title of cholapandya. Chola dynasty, south indian tamil rulers of unknown antiquity, antedating the early sangam poems c. The accurate ancestry of the pandya kings, however, has not been yet recognized. Pandyas the pandya dynasty ruled from 3rd century bc to. Kerala, tamil nadu, history and archaeology, culturalethnic identity. Pandya dynasty, tamil rulers in the extreme south of india of unknown antiquity they are mentioned by greek authors in the 4th century bce. The chera dynasty or cera was one of the principal lineages in the early history of the present day states of kerala and tamil nadu in southern india. As one of the three crowned kings of tamilakam, along with the chera and pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over. Pdf for the southern indian states of kerala and tamil nadu, the.
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