Frame relay remains the most popular wan technology used today. Config wan frame relay pointtopoint sub interface encapsulation. An fr network may be considered as a fr cloud that consists of fr switches, and customer nodes. Frame relay 525 chapter 19 atm 553 chapter 20 sonetsdh 593 chapter 21. A fr switch acts as dce and the customer equipment works as dte. The data link layer frame relay virtual connection object is bound by its containing termination points attribute to a data link layer frame relay interface object. Dlci values typically are assigned by the frame relay service provider for example, the telephone company. Internet vpns, which use the internet to transport packets, and multiprotocol label switching mpls vpns, which follow the same basic. Frame relay operates at layer 2 data link of the osi model. Exercises, activities, and scenarios to prepare for the icnd2 200101 certification exam allan johnson. The header and trailer are defined by the link access procedure frame bearer services lapf specification itu q. In this article, the basics of a relay like energized relay and deenergized relay are explained in detail. Vce mobile tutorial terms of service privacy policy billing policy.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The fields at the beginning of the packet, called the frame header, define the ip protocols functionality and limitations. Originally designed for transport across integrated services digital network isdn infrastructure, it may be used today in the context of many other network interfaces. Basic concepts of frame relay explained in easy language. Keywords wide area network, frame relay cloud, router. It is accessed primarily by a virtual cross connection and data link layer vc encapsulation, but is not bound to them by any of its attributes. In the same way, it helps to learn how to configure and verify a ppp along with the pap and chap authentication, and ppoe. Ce protocole est utilise par les fournisseurs dacces pour transmettre des signauxvocaux et numeriques entre reseaux locaux par lintermediaire dun reseau etendu. Frame relay networks have more benefits and features but are also more complicated. Introduction to frame relay 158 frame relay concepts and terminology 158 frame relay operation 159 configure frame relay 161 configure basic frame relay 162. Frame relay is an example of a packetswitched technology. Frame relay chapter 3 frame relay advanced frame relay concepts frame relay flow control. Configure a basic frame relay permanent virtual circuit pvc, including configuring and troubleshooting frame relay on a router serial interface and configuring a static frame relay map. Frame relay is an industrystandard, switched data link layer protocol that handles multiple virtual circuits using highlevel data link control hdlc encapsulation between connected devices.
Asynchronous transfer mode atm is the international standard for cell relay using fixedlength 53byte cells for multiple service types. A virtual circuit in frame relay is identified by a number called a data link connection identifier dlci. Describe advanced concepts of frame relay technology, including subinterfaces, bandwidth, and flow control. The remainder of the header 16 bits encodes various information such as the total packet length in bytes. Cisco publicite 1 chapter 6 9 fundamental concepts of frame relay technology how a router attached to a frame relay network uses lmi status messages and inverse arp queries to map vcs to layer 3 network ip addresses lmi is a keep alive mechanism that provides status information about frame relay connections between the router dte and the. You can go through the basic configuration and verification of the point to point protocol ppp. Frame relay is more complex a technology than pointtopoint wan links but also provides more features and benefits. Basic frame relay concepts frame relay has become the most widely used wan technology in the world. Pdf designing of wide area network with the use of frame relay. Frame relay to provide a telecommunication service for costefficient data transmission for intermittent traffic between local area networks lans and betwe. Congestion control in frame relay basic working mechanisms. In many cases, frame relay is more efficient than x. A frame relay fr network is shown in the figure below.
Data communications and networking second edition fm page i wednesday, february 23, 2000 2. Today, it is used over a variety of other network interfaces as well. The data communication and computer networks notes pdf dccn pdf notes book starts with the topics covering communications, multiplexing and spreading, block coding, backbone networks, logical addressing, process toproccss delivery, network management system, etc. It is being replaced mainly by the virtual private network technology of two main types. Chapter understanding frame relay concepts quizlet. It was created to give instructors a powerpoint to take and modify as their own. Pdf now a days the networking area is getting more and more advanced as it has become the reason for the.
Frame relay is a highperformance packetswitched wan protocol which uses statistical multiplexing and variable length packets. Furthermore, it uses notification system for congestion not exclusively for the per virtual circuit. In previous lessons i gave an introduction about frame relay and explained how to configure framerelay pointtomultipoint. Frame relay terms and concepts 381 frame relay virtual circuits frame relay is a connectionoriented service, operating at the data link layer layer 2 of the osi model. How to configure, verify ppp and basic concepts of frame relay. If you know about ccnaccnp with experience in alarm monitoring and l12 and strong expertise in network architecture then frame relay is the best suitable job opportunity for you. Configure frame relay for the cisco ccna part 1 duration. In this lesson well take a look at frame relay pointtopoint which is far easier to configure. Caution the goal of selfassessment is to gauge your mastery of the topics in this chapter. Frame relay is a standardized wide area network technology that specifies the physical and data link layers of digital telecommunications channels using a packet switching methodology. It is a broad survey of frame relay networks both from a designers and. Frame relay is the industrystandard switched data link layer protocol. It includes a bibliography and a set of www sites with information on frame relay networks.
First, to reduce the congestion control, frame relay only uses a single bit in its header. Ccna routing and switching practice and study guide. They have the option of metro e but more often they choose the frame relay option for some reason. The cloud is the frame providers network, and the customer has no control or even. Data communication and computer networks pdf notes dccn. Frame relay is a highperformance wan protocol that operates at the physical and data link layers of the osi reference model. Usually, dlcis 0 to 15 and 1008 to 1023 are reserved for special purposes. Good overview of the concepts behind fast packet switching and frame relay. Frame relay supports the ability to send data to multiple remote routers over a single physical wan circuit. If you dont know the answer to a question or youre only partially sure of the answer, you should mark this question as wrong for purposes of the selfassessment. This illustration depicts the customer and service provider sides of a frame relay network. A dlci is used to identify this dedicated communication path between two end nodes.
Understanding the frame relay concepts local management interfacelmi data link connection identifiers dlci permanent virtual circuit pvc. Thus, in general, framerelay is less expensive than dedicated wan lines, but customers are not guaranteed bandwidth. This tutorial explains how to configure frame relay step by step. Also, the design, construction, working, applications, and also relay selection is explained in detail. This chapter describes frame relay and explains how to configure frame relay on a cisco router. Chapter understanding frame relay concepts study guide by jacobengineer includes 19 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Frame relay pointtopointsub interface router sub interface 1 sub interface 1 site lab 1. Frame relay is a layer 2 data link widearea networking wan protocol that. Frame relay is a packet switched communication service from lans local area network to backbone networks and wans. It offers lowercost data transfer when compared to typical pointtopoint applications, by using virtual connections within the frame relay network and by combining those connections into a single physical connection at. An atm backbone is shown, because it is a common method of interconnecting fr switches.
I work for one of the major isps and we are still deploying frame relay for our business clients. Frame rclay is still one of the major success storics of the data communications sector. This chapter focuses on frame relay s specifications and applications in the context of wan services. In this tutorial ill explain to you why we use d framerelay and how it works. Its also one of the most difficult protocols to understand for most ccna students. Comprehensive guide to configuring and troubleshooting. The concept behind global dlci addressing is to simplify frame relay network. Frame relay networks are multiaccess networks, which means that more than two devices can attach to the network, similar to lans. Each customer gets a private line or leased line to a framerelay node called a virtual circuit vc through the frame relay cloud. Pdf a practical guide to computer network and internet. The following figure illustrates a frame relay frame ansi t1. All locations plug into the frame relay cloud, which is a conglomeration of dozens or hundreds of framerelay switches and routers.
Frame relay originally was designed for use across integrated services digital network isdn interfaces. Large enterprises, governments, isps, and small businesses use frame relay, primarily because of its price and flexibility. Frame relay provides a packetswitching data communications capability that is used across the interface between user devices for. Having sound knowledge of switching, routing, security, ip tel, wireless and wan technologies and good communication, analytical and troubleshooting skills then this is the perfect time to search and apply. Framerelay is one of the wan protocols you need to understand if you plan to become ccna certified. Frame relay networks are multiaccess networks, which means that more than two devices can connect to the network.
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